Membrane example sentences

Energy is used to pump protons across a membrane, to create a gradient or a high concentration of protons within the thylakoid lumen.Once the chromatids reach the two poles, the chromosomal elongation starts, nucleolus and the nuclear membrane reappear.In respiration, protons accumulate in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria when electrons move through the ETS.Blood is filtered so finely through these membranes, that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman's capsule.The NADP reductase enzyme is located on the stroma side of the membrane.Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell, but generate second messengers (e.g., cyclic AMP, IP3, Ca++ etc) which in turn regulate cellular metabolism (Figureure 2 5a).This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane as well as a measurable decrease in pH in the lumen.When this molecule passes on its electron to the electron carrier on the inner side of the membrane, the proton is released into the inner side or the lumen side of the membrane.Then, where are the protons and O2 formed likely to be released – in the lumen? or on the outer side of the membrane? ATP is synthesised by cells (in mitochondria and chloroplasts) is named phosphorylation.ATPase has a channel that allows diffusion of protons back across the membrane; this releases enough energy to activate ATPase enzyme that catalyses the formation of ATP.The other portion is called F1 and protrudes on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane on the side that faces the stroma.While the membrane or lamellae of the grana have both PS I and PS the stroma lamellae membranes lack PS as well as NADP reductase enzyme.There is one difference though, here the proton accumulation is towards the inside of the membrane, i.e., in the lumen.Within the chloroplasts, the membranes are sites for the light reaction, while the chemosynthetic pathway occurs in the stromatal aperture.In an animal cell, this is achieved by the appearance of a furrow in the plasma membrane.